云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究Ⅲ

本文报道曲霉属及其相关的有性型属、即散囊菌属和裸胞壳属的分类群共１５个,其中新变种１个,我国新记录３个。它们是：日本曲霉小囊变种（新变种）,赭曲霉,蜂蜜曲霉,孔曲霉,埋藏曲霉（新记录）,佩特曲霉（新记录）、亮白曲霉,阿姆斯特丹散囊菌,谢瓦散囊菌,腊叶散囊菌,赤散囊菌,匍匐散囊菌原变种,构巢裸胞壳,无冠裸胞壳和刺孢裸胞壳（新记录）     

云南大白蚁属一新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

我国已知大白蚁属１８种,其中仅１种属于大,中,小（兵蚁,工蚁）三态类型,由李桂祥,平正明定名为三型大白蚁。作者等于１９９４年,在云南省南亚热带地区,发现另一三态类型大白蚁,定名为箕头大白蚁新种。     

豫西黄土高原农作区鼠类群落动态：时空尺度格局的初步分析

本文分析了豫西农业生态系统中鼠类群落局部空间尺度的短期动态格局。在区域尺度上,该群落为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠型,群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关,丰富度的作用大于均匀度的作用。由于资源分布的斑块性,群落优势种和次优势种对环境变异的季节性反应不同,故群落的时空格局具有明显的变化。在农田中,群落在秋季分化为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型和大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠型,后者的生境斑块为单一的玉米田和油葵田;在作物轮作的格局下,群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关。在果园中,无论果树树龄和季节的变化,棕色田鼠的多度总是大于大仓鼠,即群落格局是不变的,而群落多样性与丰富度和多度之间均无显著的相关性。然而,灌溉可使大仓鼠与棕色田鼠的数量关系发生逆转,因此灌溉不仅影响果园中鼠类群落格局的分化,而且也将影响到农田中的这种分化。在一年弃耕地中,群落格局从夏季开始由棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型转化为大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠亚群落型;在第３年末演替结束时,多年生植物取代一年生植物成为优势种,大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠群落格局则趋于稳定。在此过程中,群落多样性和丰富度与均匀度均无显著的相关性。本研究结果还表明,异质性可导致农作区鼠类群落的多样性     

THE ARAGONIAN VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF XIACAOWAN,JIANGSU──9. OCHOTONIDAE (LAGOMORPHA, MAMMALIA)

ochotonidaeThomas,l897AlloptoxDaw8on,l96lAlloptoxsihongensis8p.nov.(Figs.lAi6)HolotypeArightp3,V884o.7.Paratypesldp3,V884o.l;3p3,V884o.3,5,6;1p4,V884O.9;2ml/m2,V884o.l2,16;Afragmentof1eftmandiblewithp4,V884O.l8;thefrontpartofrightman-diblewithi2,p3-p4,V884o.24;2I2,V884O.21,23;4P3,V884O-31-33,56;P4,V884o.27;AfragmentofleftupperjawwithP3-M1,V884o-57;2M2,V884o.5o,53.TypelocalityS0nglinzhuang,Sih0ngC0unty,Jiangsu.StratumtypicumandageXiaca0wanFormation,.EarIyMi0cene(Shan-wangian),eq…     

山西朔县种子植物区系及其生态经济意义

朔县(现朔州市朔城区)植物种属相对丰富,具有维管束植物938种,隶属于420属,105科。其植物区系主要起源于古北大陆;种子植物属的地理成分复杂多样,以温带成分占绝对优势,具有典型的温带草原性质;与相邻地区植物区系的比较分析表明,联系最为密切的是蒙古草原植物区系,其次是黄土高原植物区系。该县植物资源利用应采取的对策是:既要合理开发利用,又要加强物种的保护。     

江西乐平、瑞金早二叠世栖霞组的Cystomichelinia和Protomichelinia

本文简述了江西乐平、瑞金早二叠世栖霞组Cystomichelinia和Protomichelinia的性质,与国内外有关的种进行了比较;通过分析这两属的内部构造说明它们之间的关系;根据珊瑚体的壁刺发育与否、床板生长密度、体径大小及体壁厚度等特征,拟立了该两属的种的鉴别表;描述了7种,其中4新种和1新亚种。     

Anopheles subpictus Grassi: Observations on survivorship and population size using mark-release-recapture and dissection methods

A mark-release-recapture experiment to estimate population survivorship and absolute size was performed with wild-caught An. subpictus adults at the village of Khano-Harni, Lahore District, Punjab Province, Pakistan during September 1978, the end of the monsoon rainy season, when temporal population abundance was maximized. Daily survival rate estimated from the recapture sequence of marked adults was low, males=0.192 and females=0.343. Survivorship for females estimated by several vertical age-grading procedures ranged from 0.347 to 0.628. Both stage- and age-specific life tables were calculated from vertical age-grading data determined by the dilatation method. Female and male population size was estimated byBailey 's modification of theLincoln Index and was found to average 4478.4 and 6106.8, respectively. The bionomics, survivorship and population size of An. subpictus in the Lahore are indicated that this species was probably not important in the transmission of human malaria.     

Range edges and the molecular divergence of Greya moth populations

Aim We investigated the geographical pattern of genetic divergence and demographic history in the prodoxid moth Greya obscura throughout its entire geographical range in far western North America and compared it to the geographical patterns found in a previously studied species, Greya politella, which co‐occurs over the same range, in the same habitats, and on the same host plants. Location The study included sites distributed throughout the California Floristic Province. Methods We used analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms to evaluate the pattern and history of genetic continuity among populations. Results Greya obscura populations show a history of spatial expansion with considerable haplotype diversity in the centre of the geographical range. As with G. politella, some range‐edge populations of G. obscura are sufficiently divergent (6.7% in COI) to be considered as potentially cryptic species. Greya obscura and G. politella, however, differ in the specific range‐edge sites showing greatest genetic divergence and cryptic speciation. Main conclusions These results corroborate the view that range edges are important cradles of divergence and speciation. In addition, the results indicate that the geographical pattern of divergence at edges may differ even among closely related species occupying the same habitats and using the same hosts.     

秦岭蕨类植物新记录科——肠蕨科

报道了秦岭蕨类植物新记录科——肠蕨科,其新记录种为川黔肠蕨,该科也是陕西省新记录。文中提供了形态描述和野外照片及植株局部照片,并对其生境特点进行了简要分析。凭证标本藏于陕西理工大学植物标本馆。     

基于GTWR模型的浙江省海岸带三维生态足迹动态变化及其影响因素

厘清海岸带自然资本存量消耗和自然资本流量占用情况及其影响因素,能有效缓解海岸带社会经济发展与自然资源、生态环境之间的矛盾,促进区域协调可持续发展。本研究基于二维和三维生态足迹评价模型,分析浙江省海岸带2006—2016年生态足迹时空变化特征,基于足迹深度和足迹广度探究了区域自然资本存量和资本流量占用情况,并利用时空地理加权模型分析其影响因素的时空异质性。结果表明: 研究期间,浙江省海岸带生态危机加深,人均生态赤字平均值为3.5 hm²·cap^-1,人均生态赤字上升了15.5%,其中,能源消耗账户对人均生态足迹的贡献率大于生物资源账户;各县区人均生态足迹呈增长趋势,且空间分异显著。浙江省海岸带以消耗自然资本存量为主,且对自然资本流量更新起到较大的抑制作用;2016年,自然资本存量的消耗量是资本流量占有量的14.87倍。城市规模和经济发展水平、人民收入水平对浙江省海岸带各县区生态足迹以正向促进作用为主,渔业生产对生态足迹为负向影响,并有向正向影响作用转换的趋势,3个影响因子的影响机制时空分异性显著。